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ruby:3.4.2-slimイメージをいじってrails環境に必要なパッケージを探ってみる

2025/4/27
Rails Ruby Docker コンテナ

Dockerfile作成

FROM ruby:3.4.2-slim

imageビルド

docker image build . -t ruby_slim

コンテナ起動&接続

docker container run -it ruby_slim /bin/bash

準備 OK

必要なパッケージを探る

osバージョン確認

cat /etc/os-release 
PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)"
NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID="12"
VERSION="12 (bookworm)"
VERSION_CODENAME=bookworm
ID=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.debian.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://www.debian.org/support"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.debian.org/"

bundlerはインストール済み

which bundle
-> /usr/local/bin/bundle

パッケージの更新

apt-get update

build-essential install Cコンパイラやmakeなど、ネイティブ拡張をコンパイルするために必要らしい

apt-get install -y build-essential

db client dbはmysqlを使用したいのでlibmysqlclient-dev をインストールしようとしたが、以下のエラー

Package libmysqlclient-dev is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source
However the following packages replace it:
  libmariadb-dev-compat libmariadb-dev

E: Package 'libmysqlclient-dev' has no installation candidate

libmariadb-dev-compact, libmariadb-dev どちらか置き換えれば行けそう

devの方をインストール compactで試してみたけど以下のエラー発生

An error occurred while installing mysql2 (0.5.6), and Bundler cannot continue.
In Gemfile:
  mysql2
apt-get install libmariadb-dev

curl, git, vim install

apt-get install curl git vim

rails install

gem install rails
 
rails --version
Rails 8.0.1

👍

rails new rails newでプロジェクト作成

rails new . --api -d mysql

以下のエラー発生

Could not find solid_cache-1.0.7, solid_queue-1.1.3, solid_cable-3.0.7, irb-1.15.1, rdoc-6.12.0, psych-5.2.3 in locally installed gems
Run `bundle install` to install missing gems.

bundle install実行

Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.........
Installing psych 5.2.3 with native extensions
Gem::Ext::BuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /usr/local/bundle/gems/psych-5.2.3/ext/psych
/usr/local/bin/ruby extconf.rb
checking for pkg-config for yaml-0.1... not found
checking for yaml.h... no
yaml.h not found
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
        --with-opt-dir
        --without-opt-dir
        --with-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
        --without-opt-include
        --with-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
        --without-opt-lib
        --with-make-prog
        --without-make-prog
        --srcdir=.
        --curdir
        --ruby=/usr/local/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
        --with-libyaml-source-dir
        --without-libyaml-source-dir
        --with-yaml-0.1-dir
        --without-yaml-0.1-dir
        --with-yaml-0.1-include=${yaml-0.1-dir}/include
        --without-yaml-0.1-include
        --with-yaml-0.1-lib=${yaml-0.1-dir}/lib
        --without-yaml-0.1-lib
        --with-yaml-0.1-config
        --without-yaml-0.1-config
        --with-pkg-config
        --without-pkg-config
        --with-libyaml-dir
        --without-libyaml-dir
        --with-libyaml-include=${libyaml-dir}/include
        --without-libyaml-include
        --with-libyaml-lib=${libyaml-dir}/lib
        --without-libyaml-lib

To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:

  /usr/local/bundle/extensions/aarch64-linux/3.4.0/psych-5.2.3/mkmf.log

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /usr/local/bundle/gems/psych-5.2.3 for inspection.
Results logged to /usr/local/bundle/extensions/aarch64-linux/3.4.0/psych-5.2.3/gem_make.out

  /usr/local/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:126:in 'Gem::Ext::Builder.run'
  /usr/local/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/ext/ext_conf_builder.rb:30:in 'Gem::Ext::ExtConfBuilder.build'
  /usr/local/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:195:in 'Gem::Ext::Builder#build_extension'
  /usr/local/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:229:in 'block in Gem::Ext::Builder#build_extensions'
  /usr/local/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:226:in 'Array#each'
  /usr/local/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:226:in 'Gem::Ext::Builder#build_extensions'
  /usr/local/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/installer.rb:844:in 'Gem::Installer#build_extensions'
  /usr/local/lib/ruby/3.4.0/bundler/rubygems_gem_installer.rb:111:in 'Bundler::RubyGemsGemInstaller#build_extensions'
  /usr/local/lib/ruby/3.4.0/bundler/rubygems_gem_installer.rb:30:in 'Bundler::RubyGemsGemInstaller#install'
  /usr/local/lib/ruby/3.4.0/bundler/source/rubygems.rb:205:in 'Bundler::Source::Rubygems#install'
  /usr/local/lib/ruby/3.4.0/bundler/installer/gem_installer.rb:55:in 'Bundler::GemInstaller#install'
  /usr/local/lib/ruby/3.4.0/bundler/installer/gem_installer.rb:17:in 'Bundler::GemInstaller#install_from_spec'
  /usr/local/lib/ruby/3.4.0/bundler/installer/parallel_installer.rb:133:in 'Bundler::ParallelInstaller#do_install'
  /usr/local/lib/ruby/3.4.0/bundler/installer/parallel_installer.rb:124:in 'block in Bundler::ParallelInstaller#worker_pool'
  /usr/local/lib/ruby/3.4.0/bundler/worker.rb:62:in 'Bundler::Worker#apply_func'
  /usr/local/lib/ruby/3.4.0/bundler/worker.rb:57:in 'block in Bundler::Worker#process_queue'
  <internal:kernel>:168:in 'Kernel#loop'
  /usr/local/lib/ruby/3.4.0/bundler/worker.rb:54:in 'Bundler::Worker#process_queue'
  /usr/local/lib/ruby/3.4.0/bundler/worker.rb:90:in 'block (2 levels) in Bundler::Worker#create_threads'

An error occurred while installing psych (5.2.3), and Bundler cannot continue.

In Gemfile:
  debug was resolved to 1.10.0, which depends on
    irb was resolved to 1.15.1, which depends on
      rdoc was resolved to 6.12.0, which depends on
        psych

どうやらruby 3.2.0でlibyamlのような3rdパティライブラリの同梱は廃止されたみたい なので自分でlibyaml-devをインストールする

apt-get install libyaml-dev

その後にbundle installでOK!

rails s rails sでサーバ起動

rails s -b 0.0.0.0 -p 3000

アクセスするとNotEstablishedエラー mysqlは別コンテナで動かす想定なのでOK

Dockerfile作成

上記を参考にしてDockerfile作っていく rails newするとDockerfileは上書きされるのでファイル名はDockerfile.devとしておく

FROM ruby:3.4.2-slim

RUN apt-get update -y && \
    apt-get install -y build-essential \
    libmariadb-dev \
    libyaml-dev \
    curl \
    git \
    vim

WORKDIR /app

COPY Gemfile /app/Gemfile
COPY Gemfile.lock /app/Gemfile.lock

RUN bundle install

COPY . /app

compose.yaml

version: '3'
services:
  app:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile.dev
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    volumes:
      - .:/app
    command: bash -c "rm -f tmp/pids/server.pid && bundle exec rails s -b 0.0.0.0"
    depends_on:
      - mysql
    environment:
      - MYSQL_HOST=mysql
      - MYSQL_PORT=3306
      - MYSQL_USER=root
      - MYSQL_PASSWORD=password
      - MYSQL_DATABASE=app_development

  mysql:
    image: mysql:8.0
    environment:
      - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=password
      - MYSQL_DATABASE=app_development
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"
    volumes:
      - mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql

volumes:
  mysql_data:

Dockerfile内でGemfileとGemfile.lockのコピーが必要なので作成

source "https://rubygems.org"
gem "rails", "~> 8.0.1"

Gemfile.lockは空のまま

docker container run

 docker-compose run app rails new . --api --database=mysql

これで実行するとGemfileをoverrideするかどうか聞かれるのでYes

Overwrite /app/Gemfile? (enter "h" for help) [Ynaqdhm] Y

Gemfileが更新されたため再度bundle installするためにdocker compose build その後にdocker compose up -dでlocalhost:3000にアクセスすると以下の画面

alt text

🎉🎉🎉🎉